Learn some new uses of the preposition "in," from a conversation between a flight attendant and her flight crew chief
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natalie: Good morning! |
| Braden: Braden here. Going on a Work Trip in the US. |
| Natalie: Hello, everyone. I’m Natalie. |
| Braden: In this lesson, you'll learn some new uses of the preposition “in.” |
| Natalie: This conversation takes place in the morning at work. |
| Braden: And it's between Jessica and David, who are flight attendants. |
| Natalie: David and Jessica are co-workers but Jessica is the crew chief, so the conversation is professional. |
| Braden: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Jessica: Okay everybody, shift information has been posted for the month. It looks like we'll visit twenty-five cities in thirty days. |
| David: Do we normally visit twenty-five different cities in one month? |
| Jessica: Yes. Sometimes we visit even more. |
| David: Where is our first stop? |
| Jessica: Charlotte. |
| David: Hey! I have friends in Charlotte. It would be nice to see them. |
| Braden: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Jessica: Okay everybody, shift information has been posted for the month. It looks like we'll visit twenty-five cities in thirty days. |
| David: Do we normally visit twenty-five different cities in one month? |
| Jessica: Yes. Sometimes we visit even more. |
| David: Where is our first stop? |
| Jessica: Charlotte. |
| David: Hey! I have friends in Charlotte. It would be nice to see them. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Braden: Okay, so, this is our first lesson in our first Upper Beginner season. |
| Natalie: And this is our first cultural insight of the Upper Beginner series so we're going to explain how this series will run. |
| Braden: That's right. We're going to do these cultural insights a bit differently than usual. Instead of looking at restaurants, monuments, or touristy places, we're going to focus on the 25 richest cities in the USA. We'll touch on their population, their economies, some of the big employers in the area, and their education levels and styles. |
| Natalie: We'll touch on some other things as they come up but those are the basics. |
| Braden: We're doing this because many of our students are either live in the USA or are interested in moving to or living in the USA and want to know about more cities than just New York and Hollywood. |
| Natalie: Neither of which are very easy to live in. |
| Braden: Good point! We picked these cities because they have the largest variety and the most opportunities for work, education, and careers in the USA. |
| Natalie: Also, They are older cities so they have lots of history and cultural importance to Americans. We could easily spend and entire series on any one of these cities. |
| Braden: So, in this lesson, we wanted to talk a little bit about Charlotte. |
| Natalie: The city of Charlotte is located in North Carolina on the East coast of the United States. The city boasts a population of over 730,000 with the greater metropolitan region reaching over 2.4 million inhabitants. |
| Braden: Charlotte is a major financial center in the USA and headquarters Bank of America and the East Coast operations of Wells Fargo, the largest bank in the United States. |
| Natalie: It's also home to the many NASCAR offices and the NASCAR Hall of Fame. Charlotte is the 25th richest city in the United States. |
| Braden: Charlotte is also home to two professional sports teams. |
| Natalie: The Carolina Panthers are part of National Football League (or NFL) and the Charlotte Bobcats are part of the National Basketball Association (or NBA). |
| Braden: Ok, let’s move on to the vocabulary of this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Braden: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is... |
| Natalie: shift [natural native speed] |
| Braden: scheduled time for a person to work |
| Natalie: shift [slowly - broken down by syllable] shift [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: posted [natural native speed] |
| Braden: affixed or placed on a wall, board, or website |
| Natalie: posted [slowly - broken down by syllable] posted [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: month [natural native speed] |
| Braden: any of the twelve divisions of the calendar year |
| Natalie: month [slowly - broken down by syllable] month [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: visit [natural native speed] |
| Braden: to go to and stay at a place for a short period of time |
| Natalie: visit [slowly - broken down by syllable] visit [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: thirty [natural native speed] |
| Braden: a cardinal number representing the third cycle of ten |
| Natalie: thirty [slowly - broken down by syllable] thirty [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: normally [natural native speed] |
| Braden: in a normal or regular way |
| Natalie: normally [slowly - broken down by syllable] normally [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: different [natural native speed] |
| Braden: not alike; dissimilar |
| Natalie: different [slowly - broken down by syllable] different [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: cities [natural native speed] |
| Braden: two or more large or important towns |
| Natalie: cities [slowly - broken down by syllable] cities [natural native speed] |
| Braden: Next |
| Natalie: stop [natural native speed] |
| Braden: an interruption in a journey |
| Natalie: stop [slowly - broken down by syllable] stop [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Braden: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Natalie: In the dialogue, we heard the phrase “first stop”. |
| Braden: This phrase refers to the first place the plane will land on their route. |
| Natalie: That's right. The idea is that the plane “stops” in every airport where it lands. |
| Braden: This can be used with car, trucks, bikes, or really anything that works on a route. |
| Natalie: For example, if you take a car trip from Los Angeles to Seattle your first stop might be San Francisco. |
| Braden: After the gas station, of course! |
| Natalie: Ok, let’s not count those stops. |
| Braden: Could you break this down? |
| Natalie: (slowly) First stop |
| Braden: And one time fast? |
| Natalie: (fast) First stop |
| Braden: Excellent! Our next phrase is |
| Natalie: even more |
| Braden: Okay so, This phrase is used to emphasize the number of cities they will visit during the month. |
| Natalie: Yeah, Jessica could have said, “Sometimes we visit more.” and left out the “even.” |
| Braden: But the “even” acts an an intensifier. It emphasizes a comparative, like more, better, or smaller. |
| Natalie: For example, “My wife cooks even better than my mother.” or “Newborn baby clothes are even smaller than I thought.” |
| Braden: Here “even” is kind of like a positive form of “yet” or “still.” Could you break this down? |
| Natalie: (slowly) Even more |
| Braden: And one time fast? |
| Natalie: (fast) Even more |
| Braden: Perfect. Let’s take a look at the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Braden: So Natalie, what’s the focus of this lesson? |
| Natalie: The focus of this lesson is the preposition "in" |
| Braden: In the dialogue we heard the phrase |
| Natalie: I have friends in Charlotte. |
| Braden: Okay so, the dictionary states that the preposition "in" - "indicates inclusion within some kind of limit." In many situations, "in" is a synonym with "within" and "inside." |
| Natalie: A friend of mine illustrated this to his students by picking up a garbage can, sticking his hand inside, and yelling "IN!" |
| Braden: That's funny. So, in this lesson we'll look at using "in" with objects, months, years, and duration. |
| Natalie: "In" is used to indicate inclusion within some larger object or space. For example, when traveling by car you could say, |
| Braden: "I went to New York in her car." |
| Natalie: Notice how the car is larger than the person traveling inside it. Another example would be, |
| Braden: "I left my backpack in the plane." |
| Natalie: Here the backpack is smaller than the plane and therefore inside it. |
| Braden: Exactly. Now let's look at using "in" with months. For example, |
| Natalie: "Santa Claus comes in December." |
| Braden: Here, Santa Claus comes "within" the month of December. The idea is that the single event of his arrival is smaller than the entire month of December and so fits "in" the month of December. |
| Natalie: And the same principle applies to years. For example, |
| Braden: "She retired in 1999." |
| Natalie: Here the single even of her retirement is smaller than the entire year and therefore fits "in" the year. |
| Braden: Perfect. Lastly, we'll look at using "in" with duration. For example, |
| Natalie: "He'll be home in five days." |
| Braden: Here the single event of him being at home will happen when the duration of five days is complete. |
| Natalie: Could you give us an example of that? |
| Braden: Sure. "The movie will start in three minutes." |
| Natalie: In this sentence, the movie will end after three minutes have gone by but not later. So, again, the movie will start within the duration given. Let's review this lesson. |
| Braden: The preposition "in" is used when a noun, concept, or idea happens within or inside of some larger object. |
| Natalie: Like when an event happens “in” a time frame or when a person is “in” the store. |
| Braden: And don't forget the story about the guy putting his hand inside a garbage can to illustrate "in." |
Outro |
| Natalie: And that just about does it for this lesson. |
| Braden: Thanks for listening. |
| Natalie: See you next time! |
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