Learn how to use the prepositions "except" and "excluding"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Looking Forward to your first American Office Christmas Party. Eric Here. |
| Becky: Hey I'm Becky. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn the prepositions “except” and “excluding”. The conversation takes place at work. |
| Becky: It's between Kate and Sean. |
| Eric: The speakers are co-workers, therefore, they will speak informal English. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Sean: I hear that you are arranging the Christmas party this year. |
| Kate: That's right. Everyone is going except for Carl from HR. |
| Sean: How much will it cost? |
| Kate: It's $50 each, excluding drinks. |
| Sean: That's reasonable. Do I pay now or later? |
| Kate: Pay later, except for a $5 deposit. |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Sean: I hear that you are arranging the Christmas party this year. |
| Kate: That's right. Everyone is going except for Carl from HR. |
| Sean: How much will it cost? |
| Kate: It's $50 each, excluding drinks. |
| Sean: That's reasonable. Do I pay now or later? |
| Kate: Pay later, except for a $5 deposit. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Time for the office Christmas party! |
| Becky: That’s probably one of the most terrifying phrases you can hear. |
| Eric: Not a fan of office parties? |
| Becky: Not really! We spoke about birthday parties earlier in the series, but those aren’t the only parties you’ll see in America. |
| Eric: As we just heard, there are often Christmas parties, which Becky hates. |
| Becky: I don’t hate Christmas parties, just awkward office parties. |
| Eric: What other types of parties are there? |
| Becky: There are parties for moving, getting a new job, getting engaged, weddings… |
| Eric: Wow, lots of parties! There are parties for pregnant women too, right? |
| Becky: Yes, some mothers-to-be have baby showers, to help prepare for the arrival of the baby. |
| Eric: So, getting back to office parties. Do you have to go to parties organized by work? |
| Becky: You don’t have to, usually, but it’s expected. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Becky: to arrange [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to organize |
| Becky: to arrange[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: to arrange [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: everyone [natural native speed] |
| Eric: every person, each person |
| Becky: everyone[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: everyone [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: to cost [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to require payment for something |
| Becky: to cost[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: to cost [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: each [natural native speed] |
| Eric: a piece |
| Becky: each[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: each [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: drinks [natural native speed] |
| Eric: a liquid that is drunk for refreshment |
| Becky: drinks[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: drinks [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: reasonable [natural native speed] |
| Eric: logical or fair or agreeable |
| Becky: reasonable[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: reasonable [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have... |
| Becky: to pay [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to give someone the money owed for services or goods |
| Becky: to pay[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: to pay [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last... |
| Becky: deposit [natural native speed] |
| Eric: a sum of money paid as an advance installment |
| Becky: deposit[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Becky: deposit [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Becky: to arrange |
| Eric: Meaning "to organize." Becky, what can you tell us about this word? |
| Becky: This is a verb. The conjugations are regular. When writing, just remember to drop the “e” if you add an ending that starts with a vowel. |
| Eric: How do you use it? |
| Becky: You use it to describe organizing things, and also for organizing a party or meeting. |
| Eric: Can it be used as a noun? |
| Becky: No, but you can use “arrangement” instead. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using “to arrange”? |
| Becky: Sure. For example, you can say, “Is the meeting fully arranged for tomorrow?” |
| Eric: Which means "Is the meeting completely organized for tomorrow?" Okay, what's the next word? |
| Becky: Everyone |
| Eric: meaning "every person, each person." What can you tell us about this word? |
| Becky: This is a pronoun that’s used to mean every person, all the people. |
| Eric: If there is a group of people, and you want to talk about all of them, you can say “everyone.” |
| Becky: Yes. There are related words too, such as “everything” to mean “all things,” “everywhere” to mean “all places...” |
| Eric: And “everytime,” meaning all times. |
| Becky: “Every” plus another word is very useful! |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using “everyone”? |
| Becky: Sure. For example, you can say, “Does everyone understand?” |
| Eric: Which means "Do all the people here understand?" Okay, what's the next word? |
| Becky: To pay |
| Eric: meaning "to give someone the money owed for services or goods". What can you tell us about this word? |
| Becky: This is a verb. The past tense and past participle are irregular and take the form “paid.” |
| Eric: How do you use it? |
| Becky: If I go to a store and buy something with money, then I have “paid” for it. |
| Eric: It specifically means giving money for what you have received. |
| Becky: That’s right. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Becky: Sure. For example, you can say, “Shall I pay the bill?” |
| Eric: Which means "Shall I give money to cover the bill?" Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn about the prepositions “except” and “excluding”. Another two prepositions in this lesson. |
| Becky: We don’t have many more left to cover in this series. |
| Eric: No, so let’s get started right away. The first preposition is “except.” |
| Becky: This means “not including.” |
| Eric: For example, if you like all fruits but you don’t like apples, you can say... |
| Becky: “I like all fruits except apples.” |
| Eric: Apples are different to the other fruits as you don’t like them. |
| Becky: Another example is “Everyone is coming, except Ben.” |
| Eric: There’s a party, or event or something, and everyone is coming. |
| Becky: But Ben isn’t coming. |
| Eric: Ben is missing out! |
| Becky: Another example is “All trains to Brooklyn today are canceled due to the bad weather, except for the express train.” |
| Eric: Every train to Brooklyn is canceled. The express train, however, is still running. |
| Becky: Well, it’s still running for now, anyway. |
| Eric: The next preposition is “excluding.” |
| Becky: “Excluding” also means “not including.” In fact, they’re pretty interchangeable. |
| Eric: What’s the difference? |
| Becky: You’re more likely to hear “except,” especially in speech. Also, if we’re talking about a package deal that doesn’t include something, you can only use “excluding.” |
| Eric: We heard this in the conversation. Kate said “It's $50 each, excluding drinks.” |
| Becky: That’s right. The party package is $50, but doesn’t include drinks. You can’t say “It’s $50 each, except drinks.” |
| Eric: It has to be “excluding.” Let’s hear another example. |
| Becky: This is one where you can use both - “The office is open every day, excluding Tuesdays.” |
| Eric: But in that situation, you’re more likely to hear “except Tuesdays.” |
| Becky: I think so. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! |
| Becky: Bye. |
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