| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| If I hadn’t taken time off from school, I |
| be farther in my career right now. |
| If I hadn’t taken time off from school, I |
| be farther in my career right now. |
| would |
| would |
| If I hadn’t taken time off from school, I would be farther in my career right now. |
| If I hadn’t taken time off from school, I would be farther in my career right now. |
| “Would” is used here because we’re talking about a present result. |
| “Will” is used for future situations, but this sentence talks about a hypothetical present based on a past condition. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| I wouldn’t be the person I am today if I |
| that experience. |
| I wouldn’t be the person I am today if I |
| that experience. |
| hadn't had |
| hadn't had |
| I wouldn’t be the person I am today if I hadn’t had that experience. |
| I wouldn’t be the person I am today if I hadn’t had that experience. |
| We use “hadn’t had” to show that the experience happened in the past, and it affects who I am today—another mixed conditional structure. |
| “Didn’t have” refers to a simple past action, but we need past perfect because we’re imagining a different past. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| If I'd had a personal assistant, I |
| be so disorganized. |
| If I'd had a personal assistant, I |
| be so disorganized. |
| wouldn't |
| wouldn't |
| If I'd had a personal assistant, I wouldn't be so disorganized. |
| If I'd had a personal assistant, I wouldn't be so disorganized. |
| The sentence imagines a past condition "if I'd had a personal assistant" and its present result "I wouldn’t be so disorganized", so “wouldn’t” fits. |
| “Won’t” refers to the future, but this sentence talks about how the present would be different if the past had been different. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| My coworker would have been fine if he |
| in advance. |
| My coworker would have been fine if he |
| in advance. |
| had prepared |
| had prepared |
| My coworker would have been fine if he had prepared in advance. |
| My coworker would have been fine if he had prepared in advance. |
| “Had prepared” is the correct past perfect form to match “would have been.” |
| “'Prepared' is the simple past, but the third conditional requires the past perfect — 'had prepared' — to describe something that didn’t happen in the past.” |
| Unscramble the words to make a sentence. |
| Ready? |
| If |
| If I'd |
| If I'd listened, |
| If I'd listened, I |
| If I'd listened, I would |
| If I'd listened, I would be |
| If I'd listened, I would be better |
| If I'd listened, I would be better off. |
| If I'd listened, I would be better off. |
| Unscramble the words to make a sentence. |
| He |
| He would |
| He would be |
| He would be better |
| He would be better off |
| He would be better off if |
| He would be better off if he'd |
| He would be better off if he'd listened. |
| He would be better off if he'd listened. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| My boss wouldn't be upset if I'd (sent or send) her the invoices on time. |
| My boss wouldn't be upset if I'd (sent or send) her the invoices on time. |
| sent |
| sent |
| My boss wouldn't be upset if I'd sent her the invoices on time. |
| “I’d sent = I had sent. 'I’d' is the contraction of 'I had,' not 'I would' in this sentence.” |
| “Send” is the base form, which doesn’t work after “had.” The structure “if I had sent” requires the past participle “sent.” |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| If I hadn't been late to the meeting, I would (know or have known) what is going on. |
| If I hadn't been late to the meeting, I would (know or have known) what is going on. |
| know |
| know |
| If I hadn't been late to the meeting, I would know what is going on. |
| “Would know” is present tense—this is a mixed conditional showing how a past action affects the present. |
| “Would have known” would refer to a result in the past, but here we’re talking about what’s going on right now. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| I would be promoted now if I had (work or worked) harder last year. |
| I would be promoted now if I had (work or worked) harder last year. |
| worked |
| worked |
| I would be promoted now if I had worked harder last year. |
| We need past perfect “had worked” for the past condition. This is another mixed conditional with a past cause and present result. |
| “Worked” is just simple past. It’s not strong enough to show a hypothetical past situation in conditionals. We need “had worked” to match the conditional structure. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| I would make the copies if I (had found/found) the copy paper. |
| I would make the copies if I (had found/found) the copy paper. |
| had found |
| had found |
| I would make the copies if I had found the copy paper. |
| We’re talking about the present result of not finding the paper in the past. “Had found” shows the past perfect condition. |
| “Found” is simple past, but it doesn’t express the unreal past situation we need for the conditional structure. |
| Listen to what I say. What is the past perfect verb used in the sentence? |
| My boss wouldn't be upset if I'd sent her the invoices on time. |
| Listen one more time. |
| My boss wouldn't be upset if I'd sent her the invoices on time. |
| Did you hear, "I'd sent"? "I'd sent" means that had sent is the past perfect verb. |
| How about...? |
| He would be better off if he'd listened. |
| Let’s listen one more time. |
| He would be better off if he'd listened. |
| Did you hear "he'd listened"? "he'd listened" means that had listened is the past perfect verb. |
| Next... |
| If I hadn't been late to the meeting, I would know what is going on. |
| One more time. |
| If I hadn't been late to the meeting, I would know what is going on. |
| Did you hear "hadn't been"? "hadn't been" is the past perfect verb. |
| Next... |
| I would be promoted now if I had worked harder last year. |
| One more time. |
| I would be promoted now if I had worked harder last year. |
| Did you hear "had worked"? "had worked" is the past perfect verb. |
| And... |
| I would make the copies if I had found the copy paper. |
| One more time. |
| I would make the copies if I had found the copy paper. |
| Did you hear "had found"? "had found" is the past perfect verb. |
| Thank you for watching. |
| Now you know how to discuss wrong business decisions or business mistakes in English. |
| ...and now you can move on to the next lesson in the pathway on EnglishClass101.com. |
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